{"id":5396,"date":"2019-02-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/audiotek.es\/acufenos\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T17:46:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T15:46:49","slug":"acufens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/audiotek.es\/ca\/acufenos\/","title":{"rendered":"AC\u00daFENS, QU\u00c8 S\u00d3N I COM TRACTAR-LOS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avui, a Audiotek, us parlarem d'un problema auditiu poc conegut i que, en realitat, \u00e9s un seri\u00f3s inconvenient per a la nostra salut. Es tracta dels ac\u00fafens, una afecci\u00f3 que, segons l'OMS, pateix un 8% de la poblaci\u00f3 mundial i que, almenys, ha patit un 30% d'ella.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al nostre pa\u00eds, es calcula que gaireb\u00e9 quatre milions de persones estan afectades per aquest trastorn auditiu que pot derivar en altres problemes de salut com ansietat, estr\u00e8s, p\u00e8rdua auditiva, trastorn del son, angoixa o depressi\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Els ac\u00fafens, un problema auditiu poc conegut<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Els ac\u00fafens, tamb\u00e9 coneguts com a tinnitus, no s\u00f3n una malaltia. S\u00f3n un s\u00edmptoma relacionat amb el sistema auditiu, descrit com a brunzits o xiulits, que es poden sentir en una o en ambdues orelles, sense que hi hagi una font exterior de so.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9s una afecci\u00f3, molt habitual, que gaireb\u00e9 tots patim en algun moment de la nostra vida. De vegades, pot ser el primer i, fins i tot, l'\u00fanic s\u00edmptoma que ens alerti d'alguna alteraci\u00f3 en la nostra salut auditiva, per la qual cosa l'avaluaci\u00f3 del pacient per part d'un professional especialitzat, ser\u00e0 determinant per avaluar la necessitat d'un estudi m\u00e9s espec\u00edfic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Habitualment, es manifesten com un brunzit, un dring, un xiulit o un xiulet que es sent per un o ambd\u00f3s orelles. Tot i que tamb\u00e9, hi ha casos en qu\u00e8 es pot presentar com un rugit, el soroll de la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica, un clatell o un xisclo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La seva intensitat i el seu to poden variar, encara que els m\u00e9s habituals s\u00f3n els sons aguts. D'altra banda, solen empitjorar amb el silenci i, sovint, les persones que els pateixen pateixen tamb\u00e9 d'hiperac\u00fasia (major sensibilitat als sorolls externs).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En general, solen tenir un car\u00e0cter lleu i transitori. Si s\u00f3n m\u00e9s continus i molestos, poden derivar en alteracions del son i interferir en el descans o la concentraci\u00f3, produint irritabilitat i afectant la nostra qualitat de vida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despr\u00e9s del dolor intens i els problemes d'equilibri, els tinnitus greus es consideren el tercer s\u00edmptoma m\u00e9s incapacitant que pot patir una persona.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Classes d'ac\u00fafens<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atentint a la percepci\u00f3 dels sons, podem dividir els ac\u00fafens en dos tipus:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subjectius: \u00danicament percep els sons l'afectat. Ni el metge ni altres persones poden escoltar-los. Constitueixen, aproximadament, el 95% dels casos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Objectius: Poden ser percebuts tant pel pacient com pel metge. Solen ser produ\u00efts per estructures properes a l'o\u00efda i solen implicar el soroll del flux dels vasos sanguinis. En altres ocasions, el so s'assembla m\u00e9s a un clic r\u00edtmic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At\u00e8s a la persist\u00e8ncia dels s\u00edmptomes podem distingir dues classes d'ac\u00fafens:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aguts: S\u00f3n els que es manifesten en per\u00edodes breus, no impliquen p\u00e8rdua auditiva i desapareixen espont\u00e0niament.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cr\u00f2nics: S\u00f3n els ac\u00fafens que persisteixen durant m\u00e9s de sis mesos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Els ac\u00fafens poden ser causats per molts factors, incloent-hi:\n\n*   **P\u00e8rdua auditiva indu\u00efda pel soroll:** L'exposici\u00f3 a sons forts, tant en un sol esdeveniment com de forma continuada (com ara m\u00fasica alta, maquin\u00e0ria industrial o concerts), pot danyar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules piloses de l'o\u00efda, provocant ac\u00fafens.\n*   **P\u00e8rdua auditiva relacionada amb l'edat (presbiac\u00fasia):** A mesura que envellim, \u00e9s natural que la nostra audici\u00f3 empitjori, i els ac\u00fafens solen ser un efecte secundari com\u00fa d'aquesta p\u00e8rdua auditiva.\n*   **Obstrucci\u00f3 del conducte auditiu:** Un tap de cera o un cos estrany a l'o\u00efda pot irritar el timp\u00e0 i causar ac\u00fafens.\n*   **Infeccions de l'o\u00efda:** Les infeccions a l'o\u00efda mitjana o externa poden provocar inflamaci\u00f3 i pressi\u00f3, resultant en ac\u00fafens.\n*   **Problemes vasculars:** Condicions que afecten el flux sanguini, com ara l'aterosclerosi, la pressi\u00f3 arterial alta o els vasos sanguinis anormals, poden causar ac\u00fafens puls\u00e0tils (que coincideixen amb els batecs del cor).\n*   **Medicaments otot\u00f2xics:** Certs medicaments, inclosos alguns antibi\u00f2tics, medicaments contra el c\u00e0ncer, di\u00fcr\u00e8tics i aspirines en dosis altes, poden danyar l'o\u00efda interna i causar ac\u00fafens com a efecte secundari.\n*   **Condicions m\u00e8diques:** Malalties com la malaltia de M\u00e9ni\u00e8re, problemes de l'articulaci\u00f3 temporomandibular (ATM), tumors del nervi auditiu (neurinoma de l'estat ac\u00fastic), esclerosi m\u00faltiple, o problemes de tiroides tamb\u00e9 s'han associat amb els ac\u00fafens.\n*   **Traumatisme cranioencef\u00e0lic o del coll:** Una lesi\u00f3 al cap o al coll pot afectar l'o\u00efda interna, els nervis auditius o les funcions cerebrals relacionades amb l'audici\u00f3, provocant ac\u00fafens.\n*   **Estr\u00e8s i ansietat:** Tot i que sovint no s\u00f3n la causa directa, l'estr\u00e8s i l'ansietat poden empitjorar la percepci\u00f3 dels ac\u00fafens o fer-los m\u00e9s notoris.\n*   **Canvis en els ossos de l'o\u00efda (otoesclerosi):** Un creixement ossi anormal a l'o\u00efda mitjana pot afectar l'audici\u00f3 i causar ac\u00fafens.\n\n\u00c9s important consultar un professional de la salut, com un otorrinolaring\u00f2leg (ORL) o un audi\u00f2leg, per a una avaluaci\u00f3 adequada i per determinar la causa espec\u00edfica dels seus ac\u00fafens.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No existeix un \u00fanic mecanisme que provoqui els ac\u00fafens i en el seu origen hi poden participar diferents parts del sistema auditiu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En el cas dels ac\u00fafens objectius, podem determinar les seg\u00fcents causes atenent a diferents varietats d'ac\u00fafens:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puls\u00e0til: tumors vasculars, valvulopaties, arr\u00edtmies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muscular: Espasmes del m\u00fascul tensor del timp\u00e0 o l'estapedi, Miocl\u00f2nus palat\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espontani: Emisions otoac\u00fastiques espont\u00e0nies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Els ac\u00fafens subjectius solen ser producte d'alteracions sofertes a l'escor\u00e7a auditiva del sistema nervi\u00f3s central, responsable del processament dels sons. Aquesta alteraci\u00f3 pot ser provocada gaireb\u00e9 per qualsevol anomalia que afecti les vies auditives:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traumes ac\u00fastics causats per l'exposici\u00f3 a sorolls massa forts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Envelliment: l'edat \u00e9s un factor de risc en aquest problema.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hipoac\u00fasia (p\u00e8rdua d'audici\u00f3).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diferents trastorns com migranyes, an\u00e8mia, hipertensi\u00f3, problemes a l'articulaci\u00f3 temporomandibular, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exc\u00e9s de cera o qualsevol altre tipus d'obstrucci\u00f3 al conducte auditiu extern.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infeccions (otitis) a l'o\u00efda mitjana o l'enduriment dels ossicles que s'hi troben.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consum d'alguns f\u00e0rmacs que poden danyar l'audici\u00f3 (otot\u00f2xics).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algunes malalties que poden afectar el sistema auditiu (tumors, ictus, esclerosi m\u00faltiple, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malaltia de M\u00e9ni\u00e8re, trastorn de l'o\u00efda interna. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions traum\u00e0tiques al cap.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Tractament del tinnitus<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tot i que un percentatge important de la poblaci\u00f3 pateix aquesta irregularitat auditiva, no existeix un tractament farmacol\u00f2gic o quir\u00fargic espec\u00edfic. De totes maneres, davant la pres\u00e8ncia dels s\u00edmptomes, \u00e9s important acudir a un centre auditiu per valorar i descartar possibles problemes relacionats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El tractament m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 \u00e9s l'eliminaci\u00f3 de la causa o la malaltia que provoca els ac\u00fafens. Per exemple, en cas d'hipoac\u00fasia, la adaptaci\u00f3 d'uns audi\u00f2fons seria la soluci\u00f3 perfecta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pel que fa al tractament dels ac\u00fafens en si, hi ha algunes ter\u00e0pies que estan resultant efectives:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Ter\u00e0pia de Reentrenament o h\u00e0bituaci\u00f3 (TRH), \u00e9s una d'elles. Consisteix en un aparell similar als audi\u00f2fons que emet un so a baix volum capa\u00e7 d'emmascarar els ac\u00fafens.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s molt \u00fatil la Ter\u00e0pia d'Electroestimulaci\u00f3 Coclear Transmastoide (OTOTECH).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I, finalment, s'hi mostren eficients algunes ter\u00e0pies alternatives com el par biomagn\u00e8tic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Destaquem que alguns models d'audi\u00f2fons incorporen un programa gestor de tinnitus i aplicacions per al tel\u00e8fon m\u00f2bil amb les quals es pot combinar una ter\u00e0pia de so amb exercicis de relaxaci\u00f3. Si tens dubtes o creus que pateixes d'ac\u00fafens, et recomanem que visitis alguns dels nostres centres auditius Audiotek, on t'orientarem i informarem de manera gratu\u00efta i sense comprom\u00eds. . <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fonts de les imatges: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.hola.com\/farmaciameritxell\/2015\/11\/tinnitus-o-acufenos.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Blog de Meritxell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webconsultas.com\/salud-al-dia\/tinnitus\/que-es-el-tinnitus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Webconsultes<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el tinnitus? Descobreix les seves causes, s\u00edmptomes i els tractaments m\u00e9s efica\u00e7os per reduir els sorolls i brunzits a les orelles.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-5396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","tag-componentes-audifonos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ac\u00fafenos: qu\u00e9 son, causas y tratamiento | Audiotek<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los ac\u00fafenos o tinnitus son pitidos o zumbidos en los o\u00eddos. 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