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Otosclerosis is an ear condition that causes progressive hearing loss. It occurs when abnormal bone growth in the middle ear interferes with the movement of the tiny bones called ossicles that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.
What is otosclerosis?
In a normal ear, the three tiny bones of the middle ear (the malleus, incus, and stapes) vibrate freely to transmit sound waves to the inner ear. In otosclerosis, abnormal bone growth forms around the base of the stapes (the smallest of the three bones), which prevents it from vibrating properly. This reduces the amount of sound that can be transmitted to the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss.
Symptoms of otosclerosis
The symptoms of otosclerosis typically develop gradually and may include:
- Progressive hearing loss that usually affects one ear first but may eventually affect both ears
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Problems understanding speech, especially in noisy environments
Who is affected by otosclerosis?
Otosclerosis can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in people in their 20s to 40s. It is more common in women than in men, and tends to run in families – approximately 50% of people with otosclerosis have a family history of the condition. It is also more common in people of European descent.
Causes of otosclerosis
The exact cause of otosclerosis is unknown, but research suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may play a role. The abnormal bone growth is thought to be triggered by factors such as:
- A genetic predisposition to otosclerosis
- Measles virus infection
- Estrogen hormonal changes (which may explain why it is more common in women and may worsen during pregnancy)
- Fluoride levels in drinking water
- Osteoclast dysfunction (problems with bone-resorbing cells)
Treatment options for otosclerosis
Treatment options for otosclerosis include:
Hearing aids
Hearing aids can help with the hearing loss caused by otosclerosis. They work by amplifying sound so that it is loud enough for the inner ear to detect.
Surgery (stapedectomy or stapedotomy)
A stapedectomy or stapedotomy is a surgical procedure in which the stapes bone is either removed or reshaped, and a prosthetic device is inserted in its place. This allows sound vibrations to be transmitted properly to the inner ear. Surgery is usually only recommended if the hearing loss is significantly affecting quality of life or if a hearing aid is not suitable.
If you suspect you have otosclerosis or are experiencing progressive hearing loss, we recommend that you have your hearing tested. Contact us today to arrange an appointment for a comprehensive hearing assessment.
